Freeze plugs are not going to be an issue. You would be more likely to blow a hole in the block before those freeze plugs move a millimeter.
I dont recognize that sensor at all, and I do not see any threading on it that would allow it to bolt into the block.
The only sensor on the back of the block is the Oil Pressure sensor, as seen here.
The coolant temperature sensor is on the passenger side of the head, on the far left in this picture. The part in the middle is called the "thermo unit" per acura's parts description, and there is a thermo switch on the thermostat housing.
Try getting a picture of the location the coolant is coming out. If you say it really did "blow out," then you probably have some stripped threads or the threading portion of the sensor stuck in the block. Doesnt sound fun to me either way.